When Russia’s financial system got cut off from SWIFT and Western banking networks, crypto didn’t disappear - it adapted. Today, Russian citizens still trade Bitcoin, Ethereum, and stablecoins, but they don’t use Binance, Coinbase, or Kraken. Those platforms blocked Russian users years ago. Instead, a new set of exchanges has stepped in - not because they’re legal in Russia, but because they’re accessible, flexible, and built for the gray zone.
Why Most Global Exchanges Don’t Work for Russians
You might think, "Why not just use Binance?" The answer is simple: sanctions. Since 2022, major international exchanges have cut off Russian IP addresses, blocked RUB deposits, and shut down accounts tied to Russian banks like Sberbank and Tinkoff. The Central Bank of Russia (CBR) doesn’t ban owning crypto - but it does ban using it for payments. That creates a weird situation: you can hold Bitcoin, but you can’t buy coffee with it. And if you try to deposit rubles on a Western exchange, your bank might freeze your account. The real barrier isn’t ownership - it’s access. Most global platforms won’t let you log in from Russia. Even if you use a VPN, they’ll ask for ID, and if your passport says "Russia," you’re blocked. So Russian traders turned to exchanges that never cared about Western compliance.The Six Exchanges Russian Citizens Actually Use
As of early 2026, six exchanges handle the vast majority of Russian crypto activity. These aren’t just "available" - they’re optimized for Russian users. Here’s who’s really moving the market:- Bybit - The top pick for most Russian traders. It supports RUB deposits via Sberbank, Tinkoff, and direct bank transfers. The platform has full Russian language support, 0.1% spot fees, and over 2,000 coins. It also offers copy trading, staking, and crypto loans - all with Russian customer service.
- Gate.io - If you want the most coins, this is it. With over 3,600 cryptocurrencies listed, Gate.io is the go-to for altcoin hunters. It accepts RUB deposits through cards and bank transfers, and its interface is clean enough for beginners.
- KuCoin - Known for memecoins and trending altcoins, KuCoin is where Russian traders go to chase the next Dogecoin or Shiba Inu spike. It doesn’t have RUB deposits, but it accepts USDT and allows withdrawals to Russian wallets.
- MEXC - This one’s for yield seekers. MEXC offers staking APYs over 600% on some tokens - way higher than anything you’ll find on Binance. It’s not big on RUB, but it’s easy to deposit USDT from P2P sellers and start earning.
- Bitget - Popular for its copy trading feature, Bitget lets users follow top Russian traders automatically. It’s a favorite among those who don’t want to analyze charts themselves. Supports RUB via card deposits and bank transfers.
- Phemex - If you’re into futures and leverage trading, Phemex is the only platform still offering high leverage (up to 100x) to Russian users. It’s not for beginners, but it’s the only one left that still allows large margin trades.
These six platforms account for over 85% of Russian crypto trading volume. None are officially licensed in Russia. But they don’t need to be. They operate from offshore jurisdictions - mostly in Singapore, the Cayman Islands, and the Seychelles - where regulation is light.
The Rise of A7A5: Russia’s Own Stablecoin
Forget USDT. For Russian businesses and traders, the real money is in A7A5. A7A5 is a ruble-backed stablecoin issued by a company called A7. Each A7A5 token is backed 1:1 by Russian rubles held in Promsvyazbank (PSB) accounts through a Kyrgyz company called Old Vector LLC. That’s the key: it’s not in a Western bank. It’s not subject to U.S. sanctions. And it doesn’t freeze. As of 2025, over 41.6 billion A7A5 tokens were in circulation - worth nearly $500 million. Total transaction volume? Over $68 billion. That’s more than all the USDT sent to Russian wallets combined. Why does this matter? Because A7A5 is the backbone of Russia’s underground crypto economy. It’s used by businesses to pay suppliers abroad, by traders to move value out of rubles, and by P2P sellers to avoid bank flags. Unlike USDT, which gets blocked by Western exchanges, A7A5 trades freely on Bybit, Gate.io, and KuCoin. Chainalysis found that A7A5 trading happens almost entirely Monday through Friday - matching Russia’s workweek. That’s not retail behavior. That’s corporate use. A7A5 isn’t for buying NFTs. It’s for paying for German machinery, Chinese electronics, or Indian software licenses.The Shadow Exchanges: Garantex, Grinex, and Bitpapa
Before 2025, Garantex was Russia’s largest domestic exchange. Then the U.S. Secret Service shut it down. But the platform didn’t vanish - it moved. Its successor, Grinex, launched out of Kyrgyzstan. It accepts deposits from former Garantex users through a network of shell accounts at Federation Tower. Grinex offers the same interface, same coins, same Russian support - just a new name and a new jurisdiction. Then there’s Bitpapa. It’s not an exchange. It’s a P2P marketplace - like Craigslist for crypto. Russians use it to buy Bitcoin with cash, Sberbank transfers, or even utility bill payments. Bitpapa was sanctioned by OFAC in 2024 for facilitating payments to Garantex and Hydra, but it’s still running. Why? Because it’s decentralized. No company owns it. Just users. Meer is another player - a Kyrgyz-registered platform that launched alongside A7A5. It’s small, but it’s growing. It lets you trade A7A5 for BTC, ETH, and USDT without KYC. These aren’t "exchanges" in the traditional sense. They’re survival tools.
The Regulatory Trap: Who Can Even Trade?
Here’s the twist: Russia doesn’t want its citizens trading crypto - unless they’re rich. In March 2025, the government introduced the "Experimental Legal Regime" (ELR). Under ELR, only "highly qualified investors" can legally trade crypto on state-approved platforms. To qualify, you need:- Over 100 million rubles ($1.2 million) in securities or bank deposits - OR
- An annual income of over 50 million rubles ($600,000)
What’s Next? The Future of Russian Crypto
Russia’s crypto scene is caught between two forces: sanctions and innovation. On one side, Western pressure keeps cutting off access to global platforms. On the other, local solutions like A7A5 and Grinex keep filling the gaps. The next big shift will come when - or if - Russia lowers its investment thresholds. If they drop the $1.2 million requirement to $100,000, millions could suddenly become "qualified investors." That could mean a boom in domestic exchanges. But for now, the answer is simple: if you’re a Russian citizen and you want to trade crypto, you’re not looking for a bank. You’re looking for Bybit, Gate.io, or Bitpapa. The rules don’t matter. The access does.Can Russian citizens legally buy cryptocurrency?
Yes - owning crypto is not illegal in Russia. But using it to pay for goods or services is banned. You can hold Bitcoin, Ethereum, or A7A5, but you can’t use them to buy a car or pay a freelancer. The law only allows crypto as an asset, not as currency.
Why can’t Russians use Binance or Coinbase?
Binance, Coinbase, and other major global exchanges blocked Russian users in 2022 due to U.S. and EU sanctions. They stopped accepting RUB deposits, banned Russian IPs, and froze accounts linked to Russian banks. Even with a VPN, most users get flagged during KYC because their passport or ID shows "Russia."
Is A7A5 safe to use?
A7A5 is not regulated, but it’s backed 1:1 by rubles held in Promsvyazbank accounts through a Kyrgyz company. Unlike USDT, it’s not frozen by Western authorities. However, because it operates outside official channels, there’s no legal recourse if the issuer fails. Use it for transfers, not long-term savings.
Can I deposit rubles on Bybit or Gate.io?
Yes. Both Bybit and Gate.io accept RUB deposits via bank transfers, cards, and direct connections to Sberbank and Tinkoff. They’re the only two major exchanges that still allow this. Other platforms require USDT or other crypto as a deposit method.
Are Russian crypto exchanges monitored?
Yes - but not by Russia. The U.S. Treasury’s OFAC monitors transactions involving A7A5, Grinex, and Bitpapa. Elliptic and Chainalysis track these platforms for compliance purposes. Russian citizens are not officially monitored by their own government, but all crypto activity is subject to surveillance under Russia’s digital monitoring laws.
What happens if I use a banned exchange like Garantex?
Garantex was shut down in March 2025. If you still use it, your funds are likely frozen. Its successor, Grinex, is active and accepts former Garantex users. But using any platform tied to sanctioned entities (like Hydra or Suex) risks your wallet being flagged by international compliance systems - and your bank account being frozen.
Can I withdraw crypto from these exchanges to a Russian wallet?
Yes. You can send BTC, ETH, or A7A5 to any wallet you control - even if it’s registered in Russia. Exchanges don’t block outgoing transfers. The issue is depositing rubles. Once you have crypto, you can move it anywhere.
Why is Russia falling in global crypto adoption rankings?
Russia dropped to 10th place in 2025 because of the ELR rules that only allow wealthy individuals to trade legally. Most citizens can’t access exchanges, and sanctions cut off mainstream platforms. The underground market is active, but it’s not counted in official adoption metrics.
